情态动词+have done
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用法
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例句
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must have done
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表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必,准是,一定做了某事”。
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He was subtilized someone must have entered his room.他敏锐地察觉到一定有什么人进过他的房间。
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may/might have done
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表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“也许/或许已经(没有)……”。一般用于肯定句或否定句中,不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。
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A radio announcer may have an audience of millions.一个广播员可能拥有数百万名听众。
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can/cannot have done
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表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。(can换成could时语气委婉)
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It beats me how she can have done it.我感到莫名其妙,她怎么竟然做出这样的事。
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could have done
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可用于肯定句中,表示“可能已经……”之意,此外,还可以表示过去能做而没做的事,有一种对过去未付诸实施的事情的惋惜。
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Our ancestors could have killed themselves off with their large brains and dangerous memes, but they pulled through.我们的祖先原本可能会因为自己的硕大头脑和危险的模因而灭亡,好在他们挺了过来。
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might have done
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表示“本来可能……,但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外,还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意,含有轻微的责备语气。
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I might have done better if I’d stated my goal differently-perhaps “A- chieve exercise independence.”如果当时我把目标明确设定在“实现独立做健身运动”的话,最后的效果可能要好得多。
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should/ought to have done
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用于肯定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,则表示不该做的事反而做了。
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We should/ought to have done a better job explaining this up front and anticipating this problem.我们应该更早地意识到问题的存在并且更清楚地解释这个问题。
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needn’t have done
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表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意:didn’t need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。
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Your elder brother need not have come last night.你哥哥昨天晚上本来不必来的。
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had better have done
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用于事后的建议,含轻微责备的口吻,意为“当时最好做了某事”,其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。
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You had better have my watch fixed by next Tuesday.你最好在下周二以前把我的手表修好。
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would rather have done
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表示“当时宁愿做了某事”,其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义,两者都表示“后悔”之意。
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I would rather have seen it in English with Chinese sub-titles.我还是更喜欢听英文原声,配上中文字幕就行了。
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